1.3 Phases of Emergency Management
Four primary phases of emergency management are outlined below,
relating to campus mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery
activities occurring before, during, and after an emergency or disaster
has occurred.
MITIGATION
Activities that either prevent the occurrence of an emergency or
reduce the community's vulnerability in ways that minimize the adverse
impact of a disaster or other emergency are examples of mitigation.
Specific hazard mitigation plans are prepared following a federally
declared disaster. They reflect the current risk analysis and mitigation
priorities specific to the declared disaster. Mitigation planning
also includes a review of ways to eliminate or reduce the impact
of future disasters. Once a disaster has occurred, the University
may be involved in complying with the hazard mitigation requirements
of Section 406 of the Federal Disaster Relief Act of 1974.
PREPAREDNESS
NORMAL OPERATIONS
This Plan is considered to be in effect at all times to provide
authorization to accomplish essential emergency preparedness activities.
The preparedness phase involves activities undertaken in advance
of an emergency in accordance with the Emergency Services Act and
the State Emergency Plan. These activities will provide operational
capabilities and improve effective response to disasters. Actions
such as:
- Developing and revising disaster plans and hazard analyses.
- Writing mutual aid operational plans.
- Training response personnel.
- Improving public information and communications systems.
- Conducting exercises to validate the planning process
are all examples of the planning activities conducted under this
phase.
Those individuals and departments assigned emergency responsibilities
will participate in developing and maintaining current Standard
Operating Procedures and checklists for the support of the EOC.
Elements of these procedures include:
- Provision to support, maintain, staff, direct and control University
resources during the time of a major disaster.
- Specific emergency actions that will be assumed by staff and
designated successors during emergency situations.
- Circumstances under which successor emergency authorities would
become effective, and when they would be terminated.
- Current department personnel notification/recall rosters procedures
and the means to implement. This should include a communication
system to implement call-out rosters for personnel assigned to
the EOC, support functions and field response team.
- Establishment of a system for communication to the EOC, Public
Safety dispatch and Physical Plant dispatch/work order control
center, and to manage organizational resources, response field
personnel and maintain contact with the EOC during emergencies.
- Developing mutual aid and other support agreements with appropriate
local and state agencies, vendors, and "sister" departments
within the CSU system.
- Reporting of damage assessment information (casualties, damage
observations, evacuation status, radiation levels, chemical exposure,
etc.) to the EOC during an emergency.
- Support of cleanup and recovery operations following disasters.
- Training of assigned response staff and campus volunteers to
augment the performing of emergency functions.
INCREASED READINESS
Cal State Fullerton will take appropriate action to increase readiness
as a crisis begins to develop. Actions taken during the buildup
of a crisis situation are designed to increase the university's
ability to respond effectively to a disaster. Departments should
consider increasing their readiness for an emergency upon the issuance
of a credible, long-term prediction or advisory that could impact
the County or State, or a rapidly deteriorating international situation
that could lead to a possible attack upon the United States. Actions
to be accomplished during this phase include but are not limited
to:
- Inspections of critical facilities.
- Reviewing and updating emergency plans and Standard Operating
Procedures.
- Briefing President's Advisory Board
- Updating resource lists
- Mobilizing resources.
- Testing warning and communications systems.
- Disseminating accurate, timely, emergency public information.
- Recruiting of additional staff and Disaster Service Workers.
RESPONSE
PRE-IMPACT
When the Cal State Fullerton emergency management organization
recognizes the likelihood of a pending disaster, actions will be
taken to save lives and protect property first. The response phase
is activated to coordinate emergency response activities.
The level of response necessary will be determined to meet the
pending emergency. If the situation warrants, or upon notification
from the County of Orange's Emergency Management Organization, a
full emergency will be declared.
Actions:
- Disseminating warning, emergency public information, and other
advice and action instructions to the public.
- Surveying and evaluating the emergency situation.
- Marshaling, allocating, and positioning personnel and equipment.
- Mobilizing necessary resources.
- Activating the EOC using established guidelines.
- Evacuating the campus community if necessary.
IMMEDIATE IMPACT
During this phase, emphasis is placed on saving lives, gaining
control, and minimizing the effects of the disaster. Immediate response
actions will be taken by Cal State Fullerton emergency responders
and may include CSU System mutual aid, local government and Operational
Area responders.
Actions:
- Activating Incident Command Posts and the EOC.
- Issuing emergency instructions to the campus community.
IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY
If an emergency occurs without warning, the EOC will be activated
as rapidly as conditions permit. If a Cal State Fullerton emergency
is declared, the City of Fullerton will be notified and may be requested
to proclaim a local emergency.
Actions:
- Conducting evacuation and/or rescue operations as required.
- Issuing emergency instructions to the campus community.
SUSTAINED EMERGENCY
As the emergency continues, assistance is provided to victims of
the disaster and efforts are made to reduce secondary damage. Regional
or statewide mutual aid may be provided to assist with these efforts
and response support facilities may be established. Resource requirements
will continually change to meet the needs of the incident.
Actions:
- Providing for the care and treatment of casualties.
- Collecting, identifying, and disposing of the dead.
- Providing for the mass care (food, lodging, etc.) needs of displaced
persons.
RESPONSE LEVELS
Emergency response generally includes three levels of activity.
Detailed emergency action plans for responding to the various emergencies
are provided in Part 2.
Level I Response Mode - Decentralized Coordination
This management mode is operative under normal conditions in which
emergency situations are responded to by the usual management procedures
and local resources are adequate. The EOC is not activated and any
inter-unit coordination (e.g., fire, paramedic, police, etc.) is
accomplished by telephone.
Level II Response Mode- Centralized Coordination
This mode of operation is used for emergency responses that require
several functional units within the Plan to be activated. In these
situations, key EOC personnel will meet in a central location to
provide emergency coordination. Their activities include but are
not limited to:
- Establishing a situation assessment function.
- Establishing a public information function.
- Determining resource requirements and coordinating resource
requests.
- Establishing and coordinating the logistical systems necessary
to support emergency services.
Level III Response Mode-Highest Interagency Coordination and Discretion
This mode of operation will be utilized following a major disaster
that would render it impossible for Cal State Fullerton to effectively
respond or function at either Level I or II. In this situation,
the EOC will be activated and all coordination and direction activities,
including interagency coordination, would be accomplished from the
EOC. Incident emergency management systems (to the extent practicable)
would report to and receive direction from the EOC.
RECOVERY
At the onset of an emergency, actions are taken to enhance the
effectiveness of recovery operations. Recovery is both a short-term
activity intended to return vital life-support systems to operation,
and a long-term activity designed to return infrastructure systems
to pre-disaster conditions. Recovery also includes cost recovery
activities.
As soon as practical following a major emergency, normal management
of the Cal State Fullerton operations will be restored. Disaster
assistance for affected persons will be coordinated through joint
State and Federal Disaster Assistance Centers in the local area.
If major damage has occurred, the recovery aspects of this Plan
will be implemented to coordinate planning and decision-making for
recovery and reconstruction efforts.
Actions:
- Implementing health and safety measures.
- Protecting, controlling, and allocating vital resources.
- Restoring or activating essential facilities and systems.
- Enforcing police powers in controlling the locations.
- Establishing access controls, erecting traffic barricades, etc.
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